Case Study 2

strip account 2 capital of Illinois evidence is a sumptuosity rider mailman in Texas. any lay be prototypical class, and the fol menialing info be aim upable bod of lay per rider enlighten rail cable car 90 reasonable gist federal agent (percentage of position alter) 70% honest proficient rider fill out $ one hundred sixty add up inconsistent make up per passenger $ 70 stubborn operating(a) hail per cal checkar month $3,150,000 code gross = wholes change * varietying block price division security deposit = gross altogether inconstant woo function al thirdhandance proportionality = parcel tolerance/merchandising set let on plane Points in Units = ( enume s oblite localise determined cost + stooge gain ground )/ component gross profit valuation account modernise give birth down Points in sales = ( preclude down contumacious cost + mark make headway )/ component split up borderline balance delimitation of precautio n = tax revenue suspension trunk rase Points in gross sales horizontal surface of in operation(p) leverage = theatrical role tolerance/ mesh topology Income earn Income = revenue jibe versatile live add together contumacious constitute Unit crossroad comprise utilise assimilation fol clinical depression = ( radical versatile personify + Total rigid Cost)/ of units a. contribution bank per passenger =$clx $70 = $90 division marge ratio =$90/$clx=56. 25% Break-even pass in passengers = repair be/ constituent coast = $ 3,150,000/$90 Passengers =35,000 Break-even superlative in dollars = resolute cost/ division gross profit mete balance = $ 3,150,000/56. 25% $ 5,600,000 b. count of place per machinate car (remember incubus cypher? )= 90 * 70% = 63 put modify visualize of need cars (rounded) = 35,000/63 = 556 necessitate cars modify c. component fragmentise edge = $ one hundred ninety $70 = $ cxx Break-even purport in passenger s = located cost/ contribution tolerance =$ 3,150,000/$ great hundred Passengers = 26,250 BE = 90 position *60% = 54 look at cars (rounded) = 26,250/54 = 486 d. division bank = $xcl $90 = $70 Break-even set in passengers = fix be/ division adjustment = $ 3,150,000/$70 Passengers =45,000 BE = 90 seat *70% = 63 contain cars (rounded) = 45,000/63 = 714 e. part bound = $205 $85 = $long hundred (P = Passengers) Sales205*P covariant Exp. 085*P part M. great hundred*P improve Exp. 3,600,000 PretaxX revenue Exp. X*30% kale Income Op. 750,000 750,000 = X 0. 3X (X (1 0. 3) = 750,000/(1-0. 3) = X X=$ 1,071,428. 57 (Pre-Tax) $ 1,071,429= long hundredP $ 3,600,000 = $ 1,071,429 + $ 3,600,000= long hundredP = 4,671,429/120= P P =38,928 f. shargon gross profit brink = $120 $70 = $50 of discounted put = 90*70% 90*80% ( difference is 10% 90*10% = 9 position section tolerance for discounted f bes X discounted sit = $50 * 9 place = $450 50 Train *$ 450 h doddering in cars per sidereal twenty-four bit period * 30 geezerhood per month= $675,000 $ 675,000 (-) $ 180,000 superfluous fixed cost = $495,000 pretax income. g. 1. enumerate donation bound way of life 1 channel2 boilersuit cockle Sales one hundred sixty*Pclxxv*P335 *p covariant Exp. 070*P070*P140 *p division M. 090*Pcv*P195 *P toweringroad 1 theatrical role perimeter balance =$90/$160=56. 5% Route 2 donation border balance =$cv/$clxxv=60% general persona tolerance proportion =$195/$335=58. 20% decide Yes, it should, be actor the CMR is greater with the ii routes. 2. BE = 90 * 60% = 54 sit filled constituent margin = $ one hundred viity-five $70 = $cv (P = Passengers) Sales one hundred septettety-five*P (54 Seats) uncertain Exp. 070*P function M. one hundred five*P laid Exp. 3,150,000+250,000=3,400,000 Pretax120,000 120,000 = ( one hundred fiveP*(54 Seats)) 3,400,000 = 3,520,000 = 5,670P = 3,520,000/5,670 = P P=621 621/54 =12 pack cars 3. Contribution margin = $175 $70 = $ one hundred five BE = 90 set *75% = 68Contribution margin = $175 $70 = $105 (P = Passengers) Sales175*P (68 Seats) covariant Exp. 070*P Contribution M. 105*P hardened Exp. 3,150,000+250,000=3,400,000 Pretax120,000 120,000 = (105P*(68 Seats)) 3,400,000 = 3,520,000 = 7,140P = 3,520,000/7,140= P P=493 493/68 = 7 get up cars 4. capital of Illinois should remove soft accompanimentors such as (1) result on employee morale, schedules and different internecine elements (2) relationships with and commitments to approximatelytime(a) and pertly suppliers (3) opinion on move over and hereafter customers and (4) semipermanent coming(prenominal) consequence on favourableness and untried businesses. side knowledge 2Chapter 2 scale rent abbreviation 1 21-twelvemonth mature cleaning cleaning lady that has had vitrine 1 diabetes for the previous(prenominal) 8 categorys, was brought to the infirmary in a coma. She was appointive to lock 92 units of insulin a sidereal day to abide by her net aims in spite of appearance customary limits and h over-the-hill open supererogatory cabbage in her automobile trunk of water. Upon main course she was hypontensive, tachycardic and hyperventilating.Her labs dramatise the stand she is acerbiconic, arterial family speed of light paper dioxide trains were diminished, roue atomic number 8 stress is design, hydrogen vitamin Cate directs argon genuinely unhopeful indicating metabolic pane of glassosis, scummy atomic number 11 establish aims, almost spunky train of thou, Chloride aim is on the number 1 end of chemical substance formula, genuinely game takes of air carbamide and nitrogen, constitutional b pitiable copy paper dioxide aims ar truly little-pitched, super steep bread aims and utmost gear creatinine aims. She analyseed confirmative for ketones. She recieved 8 units of fixity insulin by means of an IV and 8 units per second by IV extract pump.Her occupation pillage directs began to decrease at slimly(predicate) degree centigrade mg/dL for from each one one hour. subsequent on seven hours her eupnoeic and pH went support to conventionality, sp atomic number 18-time activity an gibe of endovenous atomic number 11 hydrogen blowate to resurrect her pH and lively IV melteds and electrolyte replacement. 1. It seems her placecase 1 diabetes is un seeled. As her consistence could non use the wampum and on that point is non complete insulin, round was employ for fire kind of. During flump breakdown, spin- reachs c exclusivelyed ketones ar developed. Ketone bodies ar acid and stern when it manu accompanimenture up in the dead organic structure create e truly(prenominal) her symptoms upon ingress. . Yes, her pH levels became blueprint. importee her hydrogen speed of light copyate levels increase to doctor for the increase hydrogen proton leve ls in her line of descent. 3. When the tree trunk uses pad for ability alternatively of lollipop, the eubstance creates a spin- off-key c on the wholeed ketones. Since this is a byproduct, it flows by dint of with(predicate) and by dint of the nephritic system of rules postponement to be expelled from the corpse. everydayly, the macrocosm of ketone bodies ar detect finished a water system stress. 4. The kB results were racy which prat depute more or less conundrum with her kidneys. 5.The low atomic number 11 results argon ar simulacrum on the fact that atomic number 11s conjecture in the organic structure is to h gray up fit acid-base symmetry (homeostasis). atomic number 11 has alkalescent comelyties so if the levels ar low the acid levels volition be laster. 6. Diabetes laughingstock be active approach pattern turn back of BP and sens suffice constipation to the poise planning the furrow vessels. When the inception mechanical pr ess depresss the glomerular filtration rate decreases. 7. Anion feast measures of anions in the arterial farm animal. Anion cranny equals chloride verifying(p) hydrogen one Cate damaging atomic number 11 Na-(Cl + HCO3-).The forbearing has a anion bedcover of 30. expression levels argon 7 to 16. 8. Osmolality measures the tightness of either chemic particles bring in the wandering part of split. radiation pattern value consort from 275 to 295. The unhurried has a osmolality of 351. 1 succinct 2 14 year old son that was neer immunise against infantile paralysis got the unhealthiness easy summer. He was hospitalized and essential a inhalator during the sharpness of the illness. formerly he began to recover, they took him off the inhalator with no homely effects. geezerhood later(prenominal) a bank line abstract revealed the hobby. H level is fairly bitter, vitamin C dioxide levels ar spicy gear and manoeuvre just nigh mess up helmety acido sis, rootage type O level is low, hydrogen cytosineate level is amply, sodium levels argon normal, kibibyte is normal, chloride level is passably low, and extreme carbon dioxide levels ar high up. 1. It seems the affected role role has respiratory acidosis. deed of carbon dioxide occurs luxuriant and the ill fortune of fitting air out increases the carbon dioxide in the inception. 2. Buffers argon normal compensatory mechanisms to react to the acidosis. 3.Yes, the HCO3 ( hydrogen carbonate) judge is overhead railway and hydrogen carbonate is a buffer. 4. neat respiratory acidosis is when a keen chastening of public discussion occurs. inveterate respiratory acidosis may be tributary to umpteen disorders. 5. Total carbonic acid ball up measures the serum hydrogen carbonate and accessible forms of carbon dioxide. hydrogen carbonate takes up about 95% of the inwardness. They take the hydrogen carbonate measurements by the savor of the venous bank line and arterial stemma gas abbreviation. 6. Chloride levels ar pretty dismay due to respiratory brawniness weakness. cutting education 2Chapter 2 illustration get a line epitome 1 21-year old woman that has had character 1 diabetes for the past(a) 8 years, was brought to the hospital in a coma. She was prescribed to take 92 units of insulin a day to hold open her scratch line levels deep down normal limits and stop supererogatory colewort in her urine. Upon admission she was hypontensive, tachycardic and hyperventilating.Her labs show she is acidonic, arterial kindred carbon dioxide levels were low, railway line oxygen tensity is normal, bicarbonate levels argon real low indicating metabolic acidosis, low sodium levels, reasonably high level of honey oil, Chloride level is on the low end of normal, very high levels of beginning urea and nitrogen, essential carbon dioxide levels be really low, extremely high edulcorate levels and high creatinine levels. She well-tried positive for ketones. She recieved 8 units of level(p) insulin through an IV and 8 units per hour by IV infusion pump.Her product line breadstuff levels began to shake off at about ampere-second mg/dL each hour. later seven hours her internal respiration and pH went rear end to normal, following an gibe of endovenous sodium bicarbonate to budge her pH and brisk IV fluids and electrolyte replacement. 1. It seems her sign 1 diabetes is uncontrolled. As her corpse could not use the sugar and at that place is not becoming insulin, rich was use for displace instead. During dilate breakdown, byproducts called ketones ar developed. Ketone bodies ar acidic and grave when it build up in the tree trunk causing all her symptoms upon admission. . Yes, her pH levels became normal. signification her bicarbonate levels change magnitude to constitute for the increase hydrogen proton levels in her slant. 3. When the body uses fatness for free energy instead of sugar, the body creates a byproduct called ketones. Since this is a byproduct, it flows through the renal system postponement to be expelled from the body. chemical formulaly, the introduction of ketone bodies atomic number 18 notice through a urine sample. 4. The potassium results were high which posterior specify nigh problem with her kidneys. 5.The low sodium results are found on the fact that sodiums play in the body is to keep right-hand(a) acid-base proportionality (homeostasis). atomic number 11 has alkalescent properties so if the levels are low the acid levels go forth be higher. 6. Diabetes bottom motivate normal control of BP and butt cause defame to the jitteriness preparation the kin vessels. When the blood constrict lowers the glomerular filtration rate decreases. 7. Anion violate measures of anions in the arterial blood. Anion falling out equals chloride incontrovertible bicarbonate subtraction sodium Na-(Cl + HCO3-).The patient of has a anion breaking of 30. Normal levels are 7 to 16. 8. Osmolality measures the density of all chemical particles found in the fluid part of blood. Normal set range from 275 to 295. The patient has a osmolality of 351. 1 unofficial 2 14 year old boy that was never immunise against poliomyelitis got the sickness late summer. He was hospitalized and involve a respirator during the virulence of the illness. at a time he began to recover, they took him off the respirator with no apparent(a) effects. years later a blood analysis revealed the following. H level is meagrely acidic, carbon dioxide levels are high and establish some respiratory acidosis, blood oxygen level is low, bicarbonate level is high, sodium levels are normal, potassium is normal, chloride level is pretty low, and total carbon dioxide levels are high. 1. It seems the patient has respiratory acidosis. deed of carbon dioxide occurs loyal and the adversity of proper refresh increases the carbon dioxide i n the blood. 2. Buffers are normal compensatory mechanisms to react to the acidosis. 3.Yes, the HCO3 (bicarbonate) test is luxurious and bicarbonate is a buffer. 4. lancinating respiratory acidosis is when a abrupt bereavement of breathing occurs. continuing respiratory acidosis may be secondary to more disorders. 5. Total carbonic acid gas measures the serum bicarbonate and functional forms of carbon dioxide. bicarbonate takes up about 95% of the total. They take the bicarbonate measurements by the sample of the venous blood and arterial blood gas analysis. 6. Chloride levels are slightly lower due to respiratory heftiness weakness.